Discussion Papers 2026
| CIRJE-J-314 |
「生産力拡充計画」の総括的評価 "Evaluating the Production Capacity Expansion Plan comprehensively: Background, Achievement, and Long-Run Impact of the Production and Investment Plan in Wartime Japan" |
|---|---|
| Author Name |
岡崎哲二(Tetsuji Okazaki) |
| Date | February 2026 |
| Full Paper | PDF file (only Japanese version available) |
| Remarks |
| Abstract (in Japanese) | Abstract (in English) |
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This paper investigates the meaning and outcomes of the Production Capacity Expansion Plan formulated and implemented in Japan during the World War II. In addition to laying the foundation for military expansion, ministries in charge of economic policies, including the Ministry of Finance, aimed to expand Japanʼs macroeconomic supply capacity by this plan. Given the unavoidable persistent large-scale military expenditures, the Ministry of Finance and other economic ministries accepted and promoted the Production Capacity Expansion Plan as economic policies for expanding the countryʼs productive capacity. Regarding the outcomes, the paper shows that while the achievement rate of the production targets was low, the original Four-Year Plan was largely achieved in terms of production capacity. In terms of consistency with the Materials Mobilization Plan, both the production plans and the materials allocation plans maintained a high degree of consistency through 1941 FY; however, in 1942 FY, consistency̶particularly in the materials allocation plans̶declined significantly. As for the long-term results, quantitative analysis demonstrates that from 1937 onward, the industries targeted by the Four-Year Production Capacity Expansion Plan experienced higher growth rates of employment than other industries, including heavy and chemical industries. The gap in scale that emerged between the targeted and non-targeted industries in the early 1940s persisted until the early 1950s. The long-term impact of the Production Capacity Expansion Plans on the scale of the industry in terms of employment is consistent with the finding that the expansion of production capacity had largely achieved the original targets by fiscal year 1941. This suggests that the facilities expanded under these plans may have supported production in the targeted industries through the postwar reconstruction period. |
本論文では、1930 年代後半~1940 年代前半に日本で作成・実施された生産力拡充計画に ついて、計画の意味と結果について検討した。生産力拡充計画は、陸軍が求めた軍備拡充 の基礎構築のほかに、大蔵省等の経済官庁にとって日本経済のマクロ的な供給能力を拡張 する意味があり、多額の軍事費支出の長期的継続が避けられない中で、大蔵省等が日本経 済の供給力を拡大するための経済政策として生産力拡充計画を受け入れ、推進したたこと を指摘した。結果については、生産計画の達成度が低かった一方、設備能力に関しては当 初の「四カ年計画」の目標が高い比率で達成されたこと、物資動員計画との整合性につい ては生産計画・資材配当計画ともに1941 年度まで高い整合性を維持した一方、1942 年度 には特に資材配当計画に関し て整合性が大きく低下したことを示した。また長期的な結果として、生産力拡充四カ年計 画の対象産業の労働者数で測った成長率が1937 年以降、重化学工業を含むその他産業より 高くなり、1940 年代初めまでに生じたその他産業との規模格差が1950 年代前半まで持続 したことを計量分析によって示した。こうした生産力拡充計画の生産への長期的インパク トは設備能力の拡充が1941 年度までに当初計画の目標をほぼ達成という結果と整合的であ り、生産力拡充計画によって拡大した設備が、戦後復興期まで対象産業の生産を支えた可 能性を唆している。 Key words: 戦時経済、生産力拡充計画、物資動員計画、軍事費、設備投資、日本 |

