97-J-13. Takahashi, Nobuo, Toshio Goto and Hideki Fujita, "Culture's Consequences in Japanese Multinationals and Lifetime Commitment", September 1997.

Hofstede's Culture's Consequences (1980) found out four dimensions of culture from the survey of IBM. To inquire into the cultural features of Japanese companies (three leading companies of the computer industry) and 13 subsidiaries of nine countries, we adopted the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) and the power distance index (PDI), which were Hofstede's dimensions of culture, and we conducted two surveys, IT96 and IMS96. Including IBM Japan, UAI's of Japanese companies are high, and these results correspond to lifetime commitment that has been pointed out in the argument of Japanese management.