Long-term economic plans were one of the major issues of the economic policy in Japan from the late 1930s to the 1950s. In this paper, we focus on three long-term economic plans in this period, namely the Production Capacity Expansion Plan in 1939 and 1942, the Economic Reconstruction Plan in 1949, and the Five Years Plan for Economic Independence in 1955. Based on the original documents and the literature using them, the targets and the structures of the plans, the methods to draw up them, and the modes for coordinating activities of individual industries are examined from a comparative perspective.